Kerala Syllabus SAMAGRA SCERT SAMAGRA Question Pool for Class 12 Biology Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Differentiate between euchromatin and heterochromatin
In a typical nucleus, some region of chromatin are loosely packed (and stains light) and are referred to as euchromatin. The chromatin that is more densely packed and
Chromatins are lengthy molecules but then compactly arranged in Nucleus. Give a comment on this and explain the role of Histone proteins for this package
In eukaryotes, this organisation is much more complex. There is a set of positively charged, basic proteins called histones. A protein acquires charge depending upon
The double stranded structure of DNA proposed by Watson and Crick. Make a short note on the Structure of DNA.
James Watson and Francis Crick, proposed a Double Helix model for the structure of DNA. One of the hallmarks of their proposition was base pairing between the
Expand the following
a. BAC b. YAC
a.Bacterial Artificial Chromosome
b.Yeast Artificial
In prokaryotes and eukaryotes structural genes are two types. Name the two types and briefly explains them.
The DNA sequence coding for tRNA or rRNA molecule also define a gene. However by defining a cistron as a segment of DNA coding for a polypeptide, the structural gene
The RNA polymerase catalysis transcription is in one direction. Give reason for it and briefly explain it
Since the two strands have opposite polarity and the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase also catalyse the polymerisation in only one direction, that is, 5 ' →3
In DNA replication is bidirectional way of new strand synthesis. Fill the followings
a. 5' ........3' is .............. strand
b. 3' ........5' is .............. strand
a.leading strand
b.lagging
Number of base pairs that can be held by the Nucleosome is
( 300bp, 50bp, 200bp, 100bp)
200bp
Name the scientist proposed the transforming principle
Frederick Griffith
Pick out the odd one
( UAA, UAG, AUG, UGA)
AUG
In RNA insted off Thymine .......................... Nucleotide seen
( Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Uracil)
uracil
The process off protein synthesis in cell is named as
( Transciption, Translation, Transformation, Replication)
Translation
Llist the salient features of genetic code.
The salient features of genetic code are as follows:
(i) The codon is triplet. 61 codons code for amino acids and 3 codons do not code for any amino
Choose the correct answer from the brackets
(Transcription , transcription ,reverse transcription )
A. Reverse transcription
B.
Give full form of the following abbreviations
1.BAC
2.HGP
3.YAC
4.ESTs.
5.SNPs.
6.VNTR
1.BAC -bacterial artificial chromosomes
2.HGP-Human Genome Project
3.YAC- yeast artificial
List out any six salient features of HGP
i) The human genome contains 3164.7 million nucleotide bases.
(ii) The average gene consists of 3000 bases, but sizes vary greatly, with the largest known
List out the application of HGP
1.HGP enabling a radically new approach to biological research.
2.Reserchers can study all the genes in a genome,like tumor in which all
Complete the table
Enzyme |
Function |
DNA Ligase |
------------------ |
--------------------------- |
Transcription |
Restriction endonuclease |
Digestion of DNA |
DNA Polymerase |
--------------------------- |
------------------------------ |
Unwinding of DNA strand |
HERSHEY&CHASE |
-----------------A--------- |
------------B------- |
Transforming Principle |
WATSON&CRICK |
-------------C--------- |
----------------D----------- |
Artificial synthesis of RNA |
A) DNA is the genetic material
B) Frederick
During transcription, one of the DNA strand act as template strand.
a. Name the opposite strand ?
b. What will happen if two of the strands are acting as template ?
a)Coding strand.
b), if both strands act a template, they would code for RNA molecule with different sequences if they code for proteins, the
DNA act as a better genetic material compared to RNA.Justify your answer.
1DNA chemically is less reactive and structurally more stable
when compared to RNA.
2)2 ' -OH group present at every nucleotide in RNA is a
A strand of DNA has the sequence
3’ GGTATATCCGGG AAATTC '5
a)Give the complementary DNA sequence
b)Give the mRNA sequence that would be produced from this strand and the direction of transcription.
Define the term Nucleoid.
In prokaryotes, DNA (being negatively charged) is held with some proteins (that have positive charges) in a region termed as
List out any four salient features of DNA.
(i) It is made of two polynucleotide chains.
(Ii)The backbone is constituted by sugar-phosphate, and the bases project inside.
(iII) The two chains
Explain Erwin Chargaff's observation about base pairing in DNA.
In a double stranted DNA the ratios between Adenine and Thymine and Guanine and Cytosine are constant and equal.
i.e A/T = G/C =
Choose the number of base pairs present in the Lambda bacteriophage and E- coli
( 5386 , 3.3 x 109 , 48502, 4.6 x106 )
Lambda bacteriophage - 48502
E-Coli