Question Pool Unravelling Genetic Mysteries

Unravelling Genetic Mysteries - SAMAGRA Question Pool & Answers | Class 10 English Medium

Kerala Syllabus SAMAGRA SCERT SAMAGRA Question Pool for Class 10 English Medium Biology Unravelling Genetic Mysteries

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Qn 1.

Analyse the illustration with the help of indicators and answer the questions.

a) Identify the molecules denotes X and Y?

b) What is the role of ribosome in the formation of the molecules Y?

c) Which molecule carries the amino acids necessary to form the molecule Y?

 

  • Answer)

    a) X-mRNA , Y-Protein

    b) Ribosome

    c)

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Qn 2.

Complete the illustrations related to protein synthesis according to the indicators.

a) Molecules that carry tRNA to the ribosome

b) RNA, which is part of the ribosome.

c) RNA that carries the message to the ribosome.

 

  • Answer)

    a) Amino acids

    b) rRNA.

    c)

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Qn 3.

Depicts the formation of gametes from a tall, wrinkled seed plant.

Correct if there is any error in the illustration. Justify your answer.

 

  • Answer)

    Gametes - Tr , tr

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Qn 4.

The genetic constitution of some plants obtained by self pollination of the taller plant with yellow fruit

(TtYy) in a hybridisation experiment are given below.

Identify the taller plants with yellow fruit.

 

  • Answer)

    TTYy, TtYy, TtYY

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Qn 5.
The chromosomal fusion that makes up the genetic constitution of  female is illustrated

Correct mistakes If any in the illustration.

 

  • Answer)

    22+X x   22+X

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Qn 6.

Observe the statements given below and answer the question.

Select  appropriate statements from the following and make a  definition for gene.

 

  • Answer)

    Genes are specific parts of DNA, which are the carriers of hereditary

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Qn 7.

A hybridisation by considering the height of the plant and colour of the cotyledon is given below.

(Dominant characters- Tall and Yellow, Recessive characters- Dwarf and green)

a) Which are the characters expressed in “TTYY”?

b)What indicates “TY”, “ty” ?

c) Which character  expressed in “TtYy”? Identify its recessive characters?

 

  • Answer)

    ‌a) “TTYY”-Tall with yellow cotyledon

    b) “TY”, “ty” Gametes

    c) “TtYy” Tall with yellow cotyledon,

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Qn 8.

Complete the illustration of the hybridisation experiment given below.

  • Answer)

    i- T, ii-t

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Qn 9.

Observe the illustration and answer the questions.

a) Identify the illustration?

b) What are the components of this molecule?

c) Name the different types of the molecule which indicates"X" in DNA?

  • Answer)

    ‌a) Nucleotide

    b) Phosphate, Sugar molecule, Nitrogen base

    c) “X” - Adenine, Thymine, Guanine,

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Qn 10.

The count of pea plants in second generation produced by the self-pollination of

Round Seed Pea plants (Rr) are given below.

Chaaracters

Count

Round seed

303

Wrinkled seed

101


 

a) What is the ratio of plants in the second generation?

b) Illustrate the hybridisation that leads to the formation of First generation Rr.

c) Which is the character not expressed in first generation? Why this character is appeared in

the second generation?

 

  • Answer)
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Qn 11.

Properly arrange the flowchart related to protein synthesis.

Protein is synthesised -----> mRNA reaches ribosome. -----> mRNA is formed from DNA-----> Different types of amino acids reach the ribosome. -----> Aminoacids are added according to messages in the mRNA. -----> mRNA reaches out side the nucleus.

 

  • Answer)

    MRNA is formed from DNA. -----> mRNA reaches out side the nucleus. -----> mRNA reaches ribosome. -----> Different types of amino acids reach the

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Qn 12.

Which of the following is most likely to be a RNA strand?

a) ATGCCCAT

b) ATCGTCAG

c) AGATAGAC

d) AUGGCCAG

  • Answer)

    d) AUGGCCAG

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Qn 13.

Flowchart the statements given below related to the gene action.

-mRNA reaches the ribosome.

-mRNA is reaches out side  the nucleus.

-The protein is synthesized by adding the amino acids.

- Various aminoacids reach the ribosome.

-mRNA is formed from DNA.

 

  • Answer)

    mRNA is formed from DNA ------ mRNA reaches out side the nucleus ----- mRNA reaches the ribosome -------Various aminoacids reach the ribosome-----The protein

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Qn 14.

Write down the reason behind each of the statements given below.

A) mRNA is known to be the messenger of DNA.

b) Protein synthesis cannot be achieved without tRNA.

  • Answer)

    A) The mRNA carries informations for protein synthesis  from the DNA to the  ribosomes and control protein synthesis.

    b) Different amino acids for

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Qn 15.

Make suitable pairs using the given nitrogen bases.

Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine

  • Answer)

    Adenine - Thymine

    Guanine -

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Qn 16.

According to the double helical model of DNA molecule, choose  the correct statements from the following.

a) The DNA molecule contains nitrogen bases.

b) Three types of  nitrogen bases are found in the DNA.

c) All the nitrogen bases found in DNA are also found in RNA.

d) The rungs of DNA are made of nitrogen bases.

  • Answer)

    A) The DNA molecule contains nitrogen bases.

    d) The rungs of DNA are made of nitrogen

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Qn 17.

Fertilization is the major process that causes variation in offsprings. Identify  the most valid reasons for this statement.

A) Fertilization leads to mutation.

b) Fertilization causes the crossing over of chromosomes.

c) Fertilization causes changes in the allele combination.

  • Answer)

    Fertilization causes changes in the allele

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Qn 18.

The hybridisation experiments carried out by a scientist on garden pea plants have laid the foundation for a new  branch of science, which has influenced almost every aspect of human life.

a) Who is this scientist?

b) Identify the branch mentioned?

c) Write down any two  contributions of this branch to humanity.

  • Answer)

    a) Gregor Mendel

    b) Genetics

    c) Diagnosis, Production of medicines, Food Production ( any two 

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Qn 19.

Choose only the facts that help Gregor Mendel to lay the foundation for  genetics.

a) Hybridisation experiments

b) Discovery of the structure DNA

c) Formulation of hereditary laws

d) Discovery of chromosome Structure

 

  • Answer)

    a) Hybridisation experiments

    c) Formulation of hereditary

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Qn 20.

Observe the picture and answer the questions.

a) What does the picture indicate?

b) What is its relationship to genes?

 

  • Answer)

    a) The chromosome

    b) Genes are specific parts of DNA, in the

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Qn 21.

Analyze the illustration below and answer the questions.

a) What does the illustration indicate?

b) What is the significance of this process?

 

  • Answer)

    a) crossing over of chromosomes

    b) As a result of this, part of a DNA crosses over to become the part of another DNA. This causes a difference in the

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Qn 22.

Sudden changes in the genetic makeup of the organism and the transfer of it to the next generation can lead to variation in characters.

a) By what name are these changes known?

b) Write any two reasons for such changes?

  • Answer)

    a) Mutation

    b) Defects in the duplication of DNA, Certain chemicals or

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Qn 23.

Each species has a defenit number of chromosomes.

a) What is the number of chromosomes in humans?

b) What are the two types of chromosomes found in human?

c) How does the genetic constitution of a woman differ from that of  a man?

 

  • Answer)

    a) 46

    b) 44 somatic chromosomes and 2 sex chromosomes.

    c) The  genetic make up of female is 44 + XX and that of male is 44 + XY. There are two X

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Qn 24.

Identify the relationship in A and complete B.

A) Parental traits to offspring: inheritance

B) Characteristics different from parents to offspring: ……………………………….

 

  • Answer)

    Variation

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Qn 25.

Find out the odd one?  Write the common feature of others.

Adenine, thymine, uracil, cytosine

 

  • Answer)

    ureasil, others are nitrogen bases present in

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Qn 26.

Find the correct statement from the following.

A) The number of somatic chromosomes in human is 22.

b) Thiamine nucleotide is found in RNA.

c) Metabolism is regulated by genes.

d) Protein is synthesized in the RNA.

 

  • Answer)

    c) Metabolism is regulated by

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Qn 27.

Find the correct  statements from the following.

A) Thymine Nitrogen base is not found in RNA.

B) Uracil nitrogen base is  found in DNA.

C) Guanine Nitrogen base is found in DNA.

a) A and B are correct

b) B and C are correct

c) A and C are correct

d) C is correct

 

  • Answer)

    d) C is correct

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Qn 28.

Complete the table.

Nucleic acid Number of threads The type of sugar Nitrogen bases found
A...... 2 B..............

Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine,
C) ................

RNA D.............. E............ Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine,
F) ................

 

 

  • Answer)

    A) DNA, B) deoxyribose sugar C) thymine D) one E) ribose

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Qn 29.

Protein molecules are sinthesized by the collective action of a variety of RNAs.

A) What are the different types of RNAs that help protein synthesis?

b) Write the function of any two of these RNAs.

c) In which cell organelle does the protein molecule made?

 

  • Answer)

    a) mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

    b) tRNA, which brings the aminoacids into the ribosome, the rRNA that forms part of the ribosome, and the mRNA that carries the

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Qn 30.

Observe the picture given below and answer the questions.

a)  What does the picture indicate?

b) Which are the components of its long strands?

c) What are the components of rungs?

 

  • Answer)

    A) DNA

    b) Deoxyribose sugar and phosphate molecule.

    c) Nitrogen

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Qn 31.

When the hybridiasation of gray-seeded peas and white-seeded peas were performed, all the first-generation plants were gray-seeded.

a) What trait does the gray colour in this experiment indicate?

b) Why there are no white seeded plant in the first generation.?

c) If the first generation is self pollineted, what is the ratio of the offspring to the second generation?

d) What inference  can be reached by observing the second generation?

 

  • Answer)

    a) Dominent trait

    b)Only one character is expressed in  the first-generation offspring because it has both recessive factors.

    c) 3: 1

    d)

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Qn 32.

The self pollination of first-generation plant tall, round-seeded (TtRr) pea plant is illustrated.Analyse it and answer the questions.

Recessive traits - Dwarf, wrinkled seed

 

TR

Tr

A.......

tr

TR

TTRR

TTRr

TtRR

TtRr

Tr

TTRr

C.......

TtRr

Ttrr

TR

D.......

TtRr

TtRR

E.......

B.....

TtRr

Ttrr

F.......

ttrr


A) Write the gametes A and B

b) Identify the allele combinations which indicates C, D, E, and F.

c) What are the characteristics found in the second generation apart from the parental plant?

 

  • Answer)

    ‌a) A- tR, B- tr

    b) C-TTrr, D-TtRR, E-ttRR, F-TtRr

    c)Tall plant with wrinkled seed, Dwarf plant with round

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Qn 33.

Select  the statements that are related to skin colour.

A) Differences in gene function

B) Racial difference

C) Fluctuations in sunlight

D) Presence of melanin, a color protein

a)  A and B 

b) B and C

c) B and D 

d) A and D

 

  • Answer)

    d) A and D

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Qn 34.

Correct mistakes if any in the underlined part.

A) Thiamine is a nitroge base not found in DNA

b) Adenine is a nitrogen base found in RNA

c) rRNA is a part of the ribosome

d) The amino acids are carried to the ribosome by mRNA.

 

  • Answer)

    a)  Uracil is a nitrogen base not found in DNA

    d) The amino acids are carried to the ribosome by Download App and View Complete Answer for FREE



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Qn 35.

Choose the correct statements from the followings.

a) Children do not exhibit traits that are not present in their parents.

b) The genes found in DNA are the carriers of hereditary factors.

c) The different forms  of a gene are called alleles.

d) The ratio of dominent and recessive traits of the second generation is 1: 3.

 

  • Answer)

    b) The genes found in DNA are the carriers of hereditary factors.

    c) The different forms  of a gene are called

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Qn 36.

"There is nothing scientific in blaming mothers who only give birth to female child"

Do you agree with this statement?Why?

 

  • Answer)
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Qn 37.

Which of the following is a nitrogen base complementary to the nitrogen base given in the illustration?

a) Uracil b) Cytosinec) guanine d) adenine

 

  • Answer)

    d) Adenine

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Qn 38.

From the given chromosome makeup, find out the genetic makeup of males and females respectively.

a) 22+XY, 22+ XX

b) 22+X, 22+XX

c) 44+XY, 44+XX

d) 44+XX, 44+XY

 

  • Answer)

    c) 44+XY, 44+XX

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Qn 39.

Alleles are different forms of a gene. Then identify which alleles are responsible for the characteristics listed below.

Character

Genetic structure

Alleles

Tall plant with round seed

TTRR

A).................. , .............................

Dwarf plant with wrinkled seed

B)........................

C) ................. , ...........................

 

  • Answer)

    A- T, R

    B- ttrr

    C- t, r

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Qn 40.

The number of plants in the second generation of a hybridisation of tall and dwarf pea plants are given below.Analyse it answer the questions.

Tall - 787

Tall - 277

a) What is the characteristic of first-generation offspring?

b) Identify the dominent and recessive characters?

b) What is the ratio of the characteristics of the second generation?

 

  • Answer)

    a) Tall plant

    b) Dominent - Tall, Recessive - Dwarf

    c)

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Qn 41.

Complete the illustration.

  • Answer)

    A) Sex chromosomes

    B) 44 (22

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Qn 42.

Which are the gametes formed from the tall plant having gray seed with genetic constitution TtGg.

  • Answer)

    ‌TG, Tg, tG, tg

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Qn 43.

Complete the illustration.

 

  • Answer)

    A) 44+XY

    B) 22+X

    C) 22+Y

    D) 44+XY

    E)

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Qn 44.

Observe the illustration and answer the questions below.

A) Complete A and B.

b) What are the alleles in the tall parental plant?

c) What are the alleles in first generation plants?

d) What do you mean by alleles?

 

  • Answer)

    a) A=t, B=Tt

    b) TT

    c) Tt

    d) Different forms of a

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Qn 45.

Observe the illustration and answer the questions.

a) Identify the dominent allele of the first generation plant in the given hybridisation experiment?

b) How many alleles are found in the illustration in relation to the height of the plant ? Which are they?

 

  • Answer)

    ‌a) T

    b)2, T and

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Qn 46.

Observe the illustration.

a) Identify the illustration?

b) Identify the molecules A and B in the illustration?

c) Which are the nitrogen bases present in DNA molecule?

 

  • Answer)

    a) Nucleotide

    b) A = Phosphate group, B = Sugar molecule

    c) Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine and

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Qn 47.

Complete the illustration of DNA.

 

  • Answer)
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