The following chart shows the different steps of decomposition

a)Define decomposition

b) Identify  the steps A,B,C,D in the flow chart

Plants can capture only-------------------percentage of Photosynthetically active radiation(PAR)

a) 2-10      b) 5-15    c) 50    D)100

Decomposition is the breakdown of complex organic matter in to inorganic substances like CO₂, water and nutrients.

a) What are the important factors that regulate  decomposition process .

b) Lists the different  steps of decomposition.

Based on the nature of habitat,succession is classified into two.

a) Define xerarch succession.

b) Name the pioneer  community in xerarch succession.

There are certain limitations in ecological pyramids. What are they?

Observe the figure given below.

A)  Identify the process shown in the figure.

B)  Name the stages represented as ‘a’ ,’b’ , ‘c’and ‘d’

Observe the   ecological pyramid given below.

a) Identify the type of pyramid.

b) Write the speciality of the pyramid identified above.

b) State the law of 10 percent.

Observe the nutrient cycle given below.

A) Identify the type of nutrient cycle shown above .

B) Write the processes at ‘a’ and ’b’.

Observe the equation given below.

GPP – R = NPP

a) What do R and NPP represent ?

b) Define GPP.

Primary productivity varies in different types of ecosystems. Mention the factors that cause this variation?.

A list of different organisms in an ecosystem are given below,

 Phytoplankton , Birds, Fish and Zooplankton.

a) Arrange them in different trophic levels.

b) Define trophic level

Differentiate standing state and standing crop?

What do you mean by sere? Name the pioneer and climax community in a xerarch succession.

Gradual and fairly predictable changes in the species composition in an area is called ecological succession.

a) Name the pioneer species in hydrarch.

b) Give the sequence of events in the hydrarch succession

Rate of decomposition  changes  with difference in  the chemical composition of detritus. Expalin.

The number of phytoplankton  and the number of fishes in a marine ecosystem are 175,000 and 80,000 respectively.

a) Draw the pyramid of number.

b) Write the peculiarity of the pyramid of biomass of marine ecosystem?

List out any four services provided by a healthy forest ecosystem.

Observe the figure given below.

i) Identify the trophic level  a and b.

ii) Name the pyramid.

Choose the correct answer.

Photosynthetically Active Radiation contains less than ----------- percent of the total energy of  incident  solar radiation.

                                         a)100                               b)50

                                         c)1-5                                d) 2-10

List the differences between carbon cycle and phosphorous cycle (Any three).

The rate of biomass production is called productivity.

a) Differentiate GPP and NPP.

b) Give the technical term for the rate of formation of new organic matter by consumers.

.Differentiate standing state and standing crop.

Choose the correct answer.

Which one of the following is not a stage of hydrarch succession.

A. Scrub stage

B.Lichen stage

C.Reed-swamp stage

D. Phytoplankton stage

What do you mean by pioneer species? Name the pioneer species of xerarch and hydrarch succession.

Pyramid of energy is always upright,can never be inverted.

a.Give reason.

b.Name the law which is applicable for energy transfer through trophic levels.

Expand PAR.

Explain why the number of trophic levels in the grazing food chain is restricted?

Expand GFC and DFC.

Observe the equation given below.

GPP-R=NPP

a) Expand GPP and NPP.

b) Distinguish between  GPP an NPP

Fill in the blank.

Vertical stratification of different species occupying different levels is called  ----------------------

Prepare a food chain using the following organisms.

Zooplankton, Man, Phytoplankton,Fish

 Decomposition is the stepwise breakdown  of complex organic matter into inorganic substances like carbon dioxide, water and nutrients.

a. Write the  main steps in decomposition.

b. Name a detritivore.