Yes I agree. Biodiversity hotspots’ regions with very high levels of species richness and high degree of endemism (that is, species confined to that region

A)Recently, 34‘biodiversity hotspots’ in the world have been proposed for intensive conservationefforts. Of these, three (Western Ghats-Sri Lanka,

Yes I agree. Although India has only 2.4 per cent of the world’s land area, its share of the global species diversity is 8.1 per cent. Hence our country

(i) Latitudinal gradients
ii) Species-Area

a) Yes I agree. Some examples of recent extinctions include the dodo (Mauritius), quagga (Africa), thylacine (Australia), Steller’s Sea Cow (Russia) and

a) No I don’t agree with this because even though new species are being added (through speciation) into the earth’s treasury of species, there

The causes of high extinction rates are

habitat (particularly forests) loss and fragmentation,
over -exploitation,

biological

Species diversity is generally highest in the tropics and decreases towards the poles.
Reasons for species richness of the tropics are:
1.Tropics had

Global species diversity .

Although India has only 2.4 per cent of the world’s land area, its share of the global species diversity is 8.1 per cent. Hence our country become one of

Species diversity

Genetic diversity

Ecological

(i) Habitat loss and fragmentation

(ii) Over-exploitation

(iii) Alien species invasions

(iv)

Z values in the range of 0.6 to 1.2

a)  S= Species richness

A= Area
Z = slope of the line (regression coefficient)
C = Y-intercept

 b)  Alexander

Humans derive countless direct economic benefits from nature such as food (cereals, pulses, fruits), firewood, fibre, construction material, industrial products

Genetic diversity : A single species might show high diversity at

the genetic level over its distributional range.

Species

i.Narrowly  utilitarian

ii.Broadly

Biodiversity hotspots :  are regions with very high levels of species richness and are identified for maximum protection.

Endemism :  is,

a) In situ conservations and  Ex situ conservations

 b) When we conserve and protect the whole ecosystem, for eg; we save the entire forest to

This is due to Alien species invasions. When alien species are introduced, some of them turn invasive, and cause decline or extinction of indigenous species. The

a) Co-extinctions.

b) When a species becomes extinct, the plant and animal species associated with it in an obligatory way

Humans have always depended on nature for food and shelter.But when ‘need’ turns to ‘greed’, it leads to over -exploitation of natural

Many species  like Steller’s sea cow, passenger pigeon etc were extincted due to overexploitation by humans. Humans have always depended on nature

(i) Habitat loss and fragmentation

(ii) Over-exploitation

(iii) Alien species invasions

(iv)

Loss of biodiversity in a region may lead to

(a) Decline in plant production,

(b) Lowered resistance to environmental perturbations such as

A stable community should not show too much variation in productivity from year to year; it must be either resistant or resilient to occasional disturbances (natural

(i) Latitudinal gradients : species diversity decreases as we move away from the equator towards the poles. tropics (latitudinal range of 23.5° N to 23.5° S)

Tropical latitudes have remained relatively undisturbed for millions of years. Tropical environments, are less seasonal, relatively more constant and predictable.