Question Pool Principles of Inheritance and Variation

Principles of Inheritance and Variation - SAMAGRA Question Pool & Answers | Class 12

Kerala Syllabus SAMAGRA SCERT SAMAGRA Question Pool for Class 12 Biology Principles of Inheritance and Variation

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Qn 1.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

a. Observe the cross and explain the genetic mechanism in snap dragon and explain it

 b. Explain the theoretical modification of allelic mechanism behind it

  • Answer)

    a.incomplete dominance

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Qn 2.

Genes which code for a pair of contrasting traits are known as.............................

  • Answer)

    alleles

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Qn 3.

To prevent self pollination anthers are removed from the flower. Name the process

  • Answer)

    Emasculation

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Qn 4.

Name the Scientist who  proposes the law of inheritance

  • Answer)

    Gregor Mendel

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Qn 5.

Complete the table

 

Character

Dominant Trait

Recessive Trait

Seed Shape

Round

 

Seed Colour

 

Green

Flower colour

 

White

Flower position

Axial

 

  • Answer)


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    Qn 6.

    The ancestors of India selected cow based cow on the basic principles of genetics. Name the principle and explain it.

     

    • Answer)

      Artificial selection and domestication from ancestral wild cows, we have well-known Indian breeds, e.g., Sahiwal cows in Punjab. Our ancestors knew about

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    Qn 7.

    Describe Haemophilia and explain Haemophilia is not affected in females. Give reason

    • Answer)

      It is a sex linked recessive disease, which shows its  transmission from unaffected carrier female to some of the male progeny. In this disease, a single protein

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    Qn 8.

     

     

    Observe the diagram

    a.Analyse type of genetic disorder

    b. Illustrate the genetics disorder

    • Answer)

      a.Sickle cell anaemia (mendalian disorder)

      b.The disease is controlled by a single pair of allele, Hb A and Hb S . Out of the three possible genotypes

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    Qn 9.

    a.State the  law of segregation.

    b.Explain homozygous and heterozygous condition.

    • Answer)

      a.This law is based on the fact that the alleles do not show any blending and that both the characters are recovered as such in the F 2 generation though

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    Qn 10.

    Consider the organisms like Birds, grass hopper and Man. Identify the organism with male heterogamity and female heterogamity

    • Answer)

      Birds               - Female heterogamity, Male homogamity

      Grasshopper  - Male heterogamity,  Female

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    Qn 11.

    The phenotypic symbol 'Y' for dominant allele Yellow seed colour and 'y' for recessive green seed, 'R' for round dominant seeds and 'r' for wrinkled seed

    a. Make a dihybrid cross with these genotype above mentioned

    b. Explain law of independent assortment with above mentioned

    • Answer)
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    Qn 12.

    Fill up the table given below

    Sl.No.

    Characters

    Dominant

    recessive

    1

    Stem height

    Tall

    dwarf

    2

    Flower colour

    --------------a-------------

    white

    3

    Flower position

    Axial

    -----------b-----------

    4

    ---------c-----------

    Green

    yellow

    5

    Seed colour

    -----------------d---------

    green

    • Answer)

      a)Violet ,b)Terminal, c) Pod colour, d)

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    Qn 13.

    Garden pea was the experimental material of Mendel. Wrie any four dominant traits studied by Mendel.

    • Answer)

      1.Round seed

      2.Yellow flower

      3.Axial flower position

      4.Tall stem

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    Qn 14.

    Give example of sexlinked recessive disorder.

    • Answer)

      Colourblindness/ Sicklecell anaemia

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    Qn 15.

    Complete the following table

     

    Genetic disorders

    Karyotype

    Symptoms

    _______A____________

    45+XX/XY(Trisomy of 21st Chromosome)

    Short statured with small round head

    Klinefelte’s syndrome

     

    44AA+XXY

    __________B________

    _____________C________

    __________D____________

    Females with rudimentary ovaries

    • Answer)


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      Qn 16.

      The substitution of sixth codon of the beta globin chain from GAG to GUG cause a condition called

      a.Phenyl ketonuria           b.Haemophilia              c.Sickle cell anaemia                        d.Muscular dystrophy

      • Answer)

        C.sickle cell aneamia

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      Qn 17.

      Down’s syndrome is seen in both sexes.Why?

      • Answer)

        Because it is an autosomal disorder.

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      Qn 18.

      Give an example of autosome linked recessive blood disease

      • Answer)

        Thalasemia / Sickle cell anaemia

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      Qn 19.

      In a cross in which both phenotypic and genotypic ratios  are same and is 1:2:1

      a) Name the phenomenon.

      b) Give one example

      • Answer)

        a) Incomplete Dominance

        b) Flower colour in the dog flower (snapdragon or Antirrhinum

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      Qn 20.

      a)Define pleiotropy

      b)Give one example

      • Answer)

        a)A single gene can exhibit multiple phenotypic expression.

        b)Eg.Phenylketonuria OR gene for seed shape and size of starch

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      Qn 21.

      Haplo-diploid sex determination system is found in -------------------

      • Answer)

        Honey bee.

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      Qn 22.

      Distinguish between inheritance and variation.

      • Answer)

        Inheritance is the process by which characters are passed on from parent to progeny

         Variation is the degree by which progeny differ from their

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      Qn 23.

      Give an example of Indian cow breed which developed from the ancestors  of wild cow by artificial selection and domestication.

      • Answer)

        Sahiwal cow in punjab.

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      Qn 24.

      Garden pea was the experimental material of Mendel. Write any four dominant traits studied by Mendel.

      • Answer)

        1.Round seed

        2.Yellow flower

        3.Axial flower position

        4.Tall stem

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      Qn 25.

      ABO blood group in man is example for both Multiple alleles and co-dominance .Explain 

      • Answer)

        ABO blood group in man is controlled by more than two alleles, ie, IA , IB & i (Multiple alleles)

        In ABO blood group 

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      Qn 26.

      Two symptoms of a syndrome are given below.

      (a).Identify the syndrome

      (b).Recognise the reason .

      (c).Write two another characters of the same in addition to the following

                      1.Small round head

                      2.furrowed tongue

      • Answer)

        (a).Down’s syndrome

        (b).21st Trisomy

        (c).Small round head / partially opened mouth/mental

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      Qn 27.

      Differentiate Aneuploidy and Poly ploidy

      Aneuploidy : Failure of segregation of chromatid during cell division cycle result in the gain or loss of chromosome.

      Poly poidy : Failure of cytokinesis after telophase stage of cell division result in an increase in a whole set of chromosome in an organism

       

      • Answer)

        Aneuploidy : Failure of segregation of chromatid during cell division cycle result in the gain or loss of a chromosome.

        Poly poidy : Failure of cytokinesis

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      Qn 28.

      Howmany alles are responsible for the following

      (a).ABO blood group

      (b). Starch synthesis in pea seeds

      • Answer)

        (a).Three alleles (IA , IB, ,i)

        (b).Two alleles.(B and b

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      Qn 29.

      Sex determination in

      a. Grass hopper : XX-XO

      b.Man : ..................

      • Answer)

        b.XX-XY

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      Qn 30.

      The blood group of father and mother is ‘O’.They have two sons .

      a.Find out the possible blood groups of the children

      b.Is there any change in the blood group of the children of opposite sex?

      • Answer)

        a.Blood groups of chidren are ‘O’.

        b.No change .It does not depend upon the sex of the

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      Qn 31.

      Give one example for the following

      a. Inborn errors of metabolism

      b .Sex linked recessive trait

      c.Autosomal dominant trait

      • Answer)

        a. Phenyl ketonuria

        b. Haemophilia

        c. Muscular

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      Qn 32.

      Complete the following

      44A + XXY : ..................a..................... :: 44A + XO : Turner’s syndrome.

      • Answer)

        a.Klinefelter’s syndrome

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      Qn 33.

      In domestic fowl (Birds) the female individuals determine the sex of the offspring. Do you agree ? Give reason

      • Answer)

        Yes, Birds exhibits female heterogamety. So eggs determine the sex of the

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      Qn 34.

      Mention the type of sex determination in Man .

       

      • Answer)

        XX-XY type

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      Qn 35.

      Mention T H Morgan’s contributions in genetics

      • Answer)

        Morgan carried out several dihybrid crosses in Drosophila.

        He coined tbe terms linkage and

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      Genetic

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    Character

    Dominant

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